安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以下設備(bei)是(shi)(shi)視(shi)頻(pin)監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)中常(chang)用到(dao)的，但是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)都要(yao)出現(xian)在一個系(xi)統(tong)中，根據監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的規(gui)模可(ke)能只采用其中的部分監控(kong)設備(bei)。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網(wang)絡型(xing)(xing)、半球型(xing)(xing)、針(zhen)孔型(xing)(xing)、標準槍式、一體(ti)化型(xing)(xing)、工業型(xing)(xing)等）

攝(she)像機鏡頭（定焦、手動(dong)變焦、自動(dong)光圈、電動(dong)變焦等）

攝像(xiang)機防(fang)(fang)護罩(zhao)（普通槍(qiang)型(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)、半球(qiu)型(xing)、防(fang)(fang)水型(xing)、防(fang)(fang)爆型(xing)、萬能型(xing)等）

攝像機(ji)云(yun)臺（普通型(xing)(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)(xing)內置、重載(zai)型(xing)(xing)、防(fang)水(shui)防(fang)爆型(xing)(xing)、萬(wan)向(xiang)云(yun)臺等）

解碼器-------室外、室內、普通(tong)、防爆、內置(zhi)等

紅外燈-------LED型、惰性氣體、激光等

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信號轉換器(qi)

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒(mei)體）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式錄像機

嵌入式錄像機

普通模(mo)擬長(chang)延時錄像機(ji)

數字矩陣（軟件＋解碼卡）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉(zhuan)485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監視器(qi)

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監視器

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電(dian)源

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑料管

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽(cao)

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對(dui)于(yu)(yu)安防監控系統(tong)，根據系統(tong)各部(bu)分(fen)功能的不同(tong)，我(wo)們將整(zheng)個安防監控系統(tong)劃分(fen)為七(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)——表現層(ceng)(ceng)、控制層(ceng)(ceng)、處理層(ceng)(ceng)、傳輸層(ceng)(ceng)、執行層(ceng)(ceng)、支撐層(ceng)(ceng)、采(cai)集(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)。當然，由于(yu)(yu)設備集(ji)成(cheng)化越(yue)來越(yue)高，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)部(bu)分(fen)系統(tong)而言，某些設備可(ke)能會同(tong)時以(yi)多個層(ceng)(ceng)的身份存在(zai)于(yu)(yu)系統(tong)中。

一、表現層

表(biao)現城是我(wo)們最直觀感受到的，它展現了(le)整個(ge)安防監(jian)控系統的品質(zhi)。如監(jian)控電視墻、監(jian)視器、高音報警(jing)喇(la)叭、報警(jing)自動駁接(jie)電話等等都屬于這一層(ceng)。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)核心，它是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)科技水平的(de)(de)最明確體(ti)現。通(tong)常我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)有(you)兩種——模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)早期的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通(tong)常由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)或者模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成(cheng)，適用于小型(xing)局部(bu)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，這(zhe)種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本較低，故障(zhang)率較小。但對于中大(da)型(xing)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而(er)言，這(zhe)種方式(shi)(shi)就顯得操作復雜(za)且(qie)無任何價格(ge)優(you)勢了，這(zhe)時(shi)我(wo)們(men)更(geng)為(wei)(wei)明智的(de)(de)選擇(ze)應該(gai)是(shi)(shi)數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)將工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)算機(ji)作為(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心，它將復雜(za)的(de)(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操作變為(wei)(wei)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)鼠(shu)標點擊操作，將巨大(da)的(de)(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)堆疊縮小為(wei)(wei)一個(ge)(ge)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)算機(ji)，將復雜(za)而(er)數(shu)量龐大(da)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)纜變為(wei)(wei)一根串行電(dian)(dian)話線。它將中遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為(wei)(wei)事實(shi)、為(wei)(wei)Internet遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提(ti)供方便。但數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不是(shi)(shi)那么(me)十全十美，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主機(ji)的(de)(de)價格(ge)比較昂貴、模(mo)塊浪費的(de)(de)情況、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可能出現全線崩潰的(de)(de)危機(ji)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較為(wei)(wei)滯后等(deng)等(deng)問題(ti)仍然存在。

三、處理層

處(chu)理(li)(li)層(ceng)或許該稱為音(yin)視頻(pin)處(chu)理(li)(li)層(ceng)，它將有傳輸層(ceng)送過(guo)來的音(yin)視頻(pin)信號(hao)加以分配(pei)(pei)、放(fang)大、分割等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)處(chu)理(li)(li)，有機的將表現(xian)層(ceng)與控制層(ceng)加以連接。音(yin)視頻(pin)分配(pei)(pei)器(qi)、音(yin)視頻(pin)放(fang)大器(qi)、視頻(pin)分割器(qi)、音(yin)視頻(pin)切換器(qi)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)設備都屬于這一層(ceng)。

四、傳輸層

傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)層相(xiang)當(dang)于安(an)(an)(an)(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)血脈。在小型安(an)(an)(an)(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，我們(men)最常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)層設(she)備是(shi)(shi)(shi)視頻(pin)(pin)線、音頻(pin)(pin)線，對于中遠(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言(yan)(yan)，我們(men)常使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)射頻(pin)(pin)線、微(wei)波，對于遠(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)而言(yan)(yan)，我們(men)通常使(shi)用Internet這一(yi)(yi)廉價載(zai)體(ti)。值得一(yi)(yi)提的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，新出現的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)層介質——網線/光纖(xian)。大多數(shu)(shu)人在數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)上存在一(yi)(yi)個誤區(qu)，他們(men)認(ren)為控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制層使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)了，其實不然。純數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)介質一(yi)(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)網線或光纖(xian)。信(xin)號從(cong)采集層出來(lai)時，就已經調制成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信(xin)號了，數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信(xin)號在目前已趨成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)網絡上跑，理論(lun)上是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)衰減的(de)(de)(de)，這就保證遠(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)像的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)損(sun)失(shi)顯示，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)模擬傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)無(wu)法比擬的(de)(de)(de)。當(dang)然，高(gao)(gao)性能的(de)(de)(de)回報(bao)也需要(yao)高(gao)(gao)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)純數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)無(wu)法普及最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因之一(yi)(yi)。

五、執行層

執行層是我(wo)們(men)(men)控制指(zhi)令的命令對象，在某些(xie)時候(hou)，它和我(wo)們(men)(men)后面所(suo)說的支撐(cheng)誠、采集層不太(tai)好截(jie)然分開(kai)，我(wo)們(men)(men)認為受控對象即為執行層設備。比如：云(yun)臺、鏡(jing)頭、解碼器、球(qiu)等等。

六、支撐層

顧名思義(yi)，支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)層是用(yong)于后端設備(bei)的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)，保護(hu)和支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)采集層、執行層設備(bei)。它包括支(zhi)(zhi)架、防護(hu)罩等等輔助設備(bei)。

七、采集層

采(cai)集層是整(zheng)個安(an)防監(jian)控系統品質好(hao)壞的關鍵(jian)因素，也(ye)是系統成本開銷最大的地方。它包(bao)括(kuo)鏡頭、攝像機、報警傳(chuan)感器等等。